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Tag Archives: The Industrial Society
The Other Arts in Industrial Societies | The Industrial Society
An age that had mastered the industrial arts so well produced monumental statues, of which the most famous was Liberty in New York harbor, the work of the French sculptor Frederic Bartholdi (1834-1904), a gift from the Third French Republic to the American republic.
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Leave a commentPainting in Industrial Societies | The Industrial Society
In the nineteenth century the painter faced a formidable competitor in depicting the physical realities of nature and life—the photographer.
After Louis J. M. Daguerre (1789-1851) made the daguerreotype commercially possible, the science and art of photography developed until, through the work of the American George Eastman (1854-1932), roll film made it feasible for each person to be an artist.
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Leave a commentLiterature in Industrial Societies | The Industrial Society
In literature the last two thirds of the nineteenth century proved to be a great period for the novel of realism that depicted the problems and triumphs of the industrial society, drawing upon the stylistic canons of the romantics while pursuing starkly realistic themes.
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Leave a commentLiterature And The Arts In Industrial Societies | The Industrial Society
The scientific and industrial revolutions and the debate over idealism and realism helped to stimulate an explosion of creativity and artistic experimentation that transformed the novel, drama, and the fine arts.
The gap between "genteel" writing and the cruder and more vigorous forms was widening because so much important work was produced and encouraged by men and women in conscious revolt against the tastes of the politically and economically dominant class of their time—that is, the middle class.
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Leave a commentElitism | The Industrial Society
The German philosopher Nietzsche was representative of the elitist view. The central line of his thinking led to the concept of a new aristocracy—the "higher man" or Ubermensch.
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Leave a commentIdealism and Realism | The Industrial Society
The American philosopher William James (1842-1910) summed up the antithesis of idealism and realism by arguing that people are either "tender-minded" or "tough-minded."
The tough-minded are convinced that the world of sense experience is the real world; the tender-minded are convinced that the world of sense experience is somehow an illusion, or at any rate a flawed copy of the real world, which exists perfectly only in God's mind. This abstract argument was a modern formulation of the ancient debate between the Platonists and the Aristotelians.
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Leave a commentComte and Positivism | The Industrial Society
It was Auguste Comte (1798-1857) who coined the term positivism. His recommendations for bettering the human conditions retained some of the utopian and messianic qualities of Saint-Simonian teachings.
Comte applied the term positivist to the third stage of humanity's attitude toward the world. First, in the infant period of history, humanity was in the theological age, standing in awe and fear of nature and seeking to placate the gods that controlled it.
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Leave a commentRacism | The Industrial Society
By far the commonest way out of the dilemma facing the Social Darwinists lay in the notion that the struggle for existence really goes on among human beings organized in groups—as tribes, races, or national states.
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Leave a commentSocial Darwinism | The Industrial Society
This theological conflict had pretty well run its course by the beginning of the twentieth century. More important in the long run was the use made of some of Darwin's basic concepts in debates on matters moral, economic, and political.
The blanket term Social Darwinism covers these transfers of ideas from biology to the social sciences and human relations. The central idea that social and political thinkers took over from Darwin was that of competition among individuals and groups.
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Summary | The Industrial Society